Biosphere Reserves in India
Biosphere Reserves in India Environment & Ecology का एक महत्वपूर्ण विषय है, जिससे UPSC, SSC, Banking, Railway और State PCS परीक्षाओं में नियमित रूप से प्रश्न पूछे जाते हैं। Biosphere Reserves का उद्देश्य जैव विविधता का संरक्षण, सतत विकास को बढ़ावा देना और मानव तथा प्रकृति के बीच संतुलन स्थापित करना है।
भारत में वर्तमान में 18 Biosphere Reserves हैं, जिनमें से 12 UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) का हिस्सा हैं।
What are Biosphere Reserves?
Biosphere Reserves ऐसे संरक्षित क्षेत्र होते हैं जहाँ वनस्पतियों, जीव-जंतुओं और स्थानीय समुदायों के बीच संतुलित संबंध बनाए रखने का प्रयास किया जाता है। इनका मुख्य उद्देश्य Conservation, Development और Logistic Support प्रदान करना है।
Objectives of Biosphere Reserves in India
- जैव विविधता का संरक्षण
- सतत विकास को बढ़ावा देना
- वैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान को प्रोत्साहित करना
- पर्यावरण शिक्षा और जागरूकता फैलाना
- स्थानीय समुदायों की भागीदारी सुनिश्चित करना
Biosphere Reserves in India: Important Facts
| Particular | Details |
|---|---|
| Total Biosphere Reserves in India | 18 |
| UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in India | 12 |
| First Biosphere Reserve in India | Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve |
| Year of First Biosphere Reserve | 1986 |
| Programme | UNESCO Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme |
Complete List of Biosphere Reserves in India
| S.No. | Biosphere Reserve | State(s) |
| 1 | Nilgiri | Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka |
| 2 | Nanda Devi | Uttarakhand |
| 3 | Nokrek | Meghalaya |
| 4 | Gulf of Mannar | Tamil Nadu |
| 5 | Sundarbans | West Bengal |
| 6 | Manas | Assam |
| 7 | Great Nicobar | Andaman & Nicobar Islands |
| 8 | Similipal | Odisha |
| 9 | Dibru-Saikhowa | Assam |
| 10 | Dihang-Dibang | Arunachal Pradesh |
| 11 | Pachmarhi | Madhya Pradesh |
| 12 | Khangchendzonga | Sikkim |
| 13 | Agasthyamalai | Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
| 14 | Achanakmar-Amarkantak | Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh |
| 15 | Great Rann of Kutch | Gujarat |
| 16 | Cold Desert | Himachal Pradesh |
| 17 | Seshachalam Hills | Andhra Pradesh |
| 18 | Panna | Madhya Pradesh |
UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in India
The following Biosphere Reserves are part of UNESCO’s World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR):
- Nilgiri
- Gulf of Mannar
- Sundarbans
- Nanda Devi
- Nokrek
- Pachmarhi
- Similipal
- Achanakmar-Amarkantak
- Great Nicobar
- Agasthyamalai
- Khangchendzonga
- Panna
Zonation of Biosphere Reserves
1. Core Zone
- Strictly protected area
- No human activity allowed
2. Buffer Zone
- Research and educational activities permitted
- Limited human intervention
3. Transition Zone
- Sustainable economic activities allowed
- Human settlements may exist
Biosphere Reserves in India for UPSC Prelims
Important Biosphere Reserves to Remember
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
- First Biosphere Reserve in India
- Spread across Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka
Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve
- Largest Mangrove Ecosystem
- Located in West Bengal
Panna Biosphere Reserve
- Located in Madhya Pradesh
- Known for Tiger Conservation
Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve
- Located in Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- Rich in endemic species
Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve
- Located in Sikkim
- UNESCO World Network Site
Top 15 MCQs on Biosphere Reserves in India
1. How many Biosphere Reserves are there in India?
A) 16
B) 17
C) 18
D) 19
Answer: C
2. Which is the first Biosphere Reserve in India?
A) Sundarbans
B) Nilgiri
C) Nokrek
D) Panna
Answer: B
3. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is spread across:
A) Tamil Nadu and Kerala
B) Kerala and Karnataka
C) Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka
D) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C
4. Which Biosphere Reserve is located in Sikkim?
A) Pachmarhi
B) Nokrek
C) Khangchendzonga
D) Similipal
Answer: C
5. The UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme was launched in:
A) 1968
B) 1971
C) 1975
D) 1980
Answer: B
6. Which Biosphere Reserve is located in Meghalaya?
A) Manas
B) Nokrek
C) Dihang-Dibang
D) Panna
Answer: B
7. Which Biosphere Reserve is famous for mangrove forests?
A) Sundarbans
B) Similipal
C) Nilgiri
D) Nokrek
Answer: A
8. Great Rann of Kutch Biosphere Reserve is located in:
A) Rajasthan
B) Gujarat
C) Maharashtra
D) Punjab
Answer: B
9. Which Biosphere Reserve is situated in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Cold Desert
B) Panna
C) Similipal
D) Agasthyamalai
Answer: A
10. Panna Biosphere Reserve is located in:
A) Madhya Pradesh
B) Odisha
C) Assam
D) Gujarat
Answer: A
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FAQs on Biosphere Reserves in India
Q1. How many Biosphere Reserves are there in India?
India has 18 Biosphere Reserves.
Q2. Which is the first Biosphere Reserve in India?
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is the first Biosphere Reserve in India.
Q3. How many UNESCO Biosphere Reserves are there in India?
India has 12 UNESCO Biosphere Reserves.
Q4. Which Biosphere Reserve is spread across three states?
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve extends across Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.
Q5. What are the three zones of a Biosphere Reserve?
Core Zone, Buffer Zone and Transition Zone.
Conclusion
Biosphere Reserves in India UPSC, SSC, Banking और State PCS परीक्षाओं के लिए Environment & Ecology का एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण विषय है। उम्मीदवारों को राज्यवार सूची, UNESCO Sites और Biosphere Reserve की विशेषताओं का नियमित रूप से अध्ययन करना चाहिए।
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